Food Processing & Post Harvest PDF Notes for IBPS AFO and NABARD
Table of Contents
What is Food Processing?
- Food processing is the turning of basic components into food or food into other forms (i.e. food processing can refer to either direct food manufacturing or value addition to existing foods.)
- The conversion of basic resources into food through a variety of physical and chemical processes.
- Food processing includes mincing, heating, canning, liquefaction, pickling, macerating, and emulsification.
- It improves the storability, portability, palatability, and convenience of the finished product.
- Food processing, on the other hand, can reduce the nutritional value of the food and may include harmful additives.
- Processing is classified as either primary or secondary.
- Primary processing includes mills for rice, sugar, edible oil, and flour.
- Secondary processing includes the processing of fruits and vegetables, dairy, bakery, chocolates, and other items.
- In India, the bulk of the processing is categorized as primary processing, which adds less value than secondary processing.
Current Status of Food Processing in India
- After China, India is the world's second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables, yet only around 2% of that supply gets processed.
- Despite a large production base, the level of processing is low (less than 10%). Approximately
- Processing accounts for around
- 2% of fruits and vegetables
- 8% of marine products
- 35% of milk
- 6% of poultry
- With half of the world's buffaloes and 20% of the world's cattle, India has the world's biggest livestock population, yet only around 1% of total meat output is transformed into value-added goods. More than 75% of the industry is unorganized.
The Indian Food Processing Industry in Brief
- In India, there are 42 Mega Food Parks in total (Operational Mega Food Parks- 22)
- Mega food parks have a cold storage capacity of 32 Mt.
- Bhimavaram Mandal in West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, became home to India's first Aqua Mega Food Park. (14 Feb 2019)
- A Mega Food Park requires at least 50 acres of land to be established.
- The contribution of the food processing industry to the agricultural sector is 9%.
- The Food Processing Industry accounts for 11% of the Manufacturing sector.
- Post-harvest losses in grains and pulses account for 4-6% of total losses.
- Post-harvest losses in vegetables account for 7-12% of total losses.
- Fruit post-harvest losses range from 6 to 18%.
- The first modern mega food park in the Northeastern states has opened in Zoram, Mizoram (22 July 2020)
- Italy launched the First ever mega food park processing in India pilot project named ‘The Mega Food Park’ at Fanidhar in the Mehsana district of Gujarat. (19 April 2021)
Government Schemes for the Food Processing Industry:
A. National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP)
- Launched year: April 1, 2012
- Launched by: Ministry of Food Processing Industries
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme
- The NMFP proposes the construction of a National Mission as well as State and District Missions.
- The NMFP's primary goal is to decentralize the implementation of food processing-related schemetoto ensure significant participation by state governments/UTs.
B. Gram Samridhi Yojana:
- Launched year: 1 March 2019
- Launched by: World Bank + Central Govt.
- Objective: "To assist the unorganized food processing industry" in rural regions.
- Funding: Rs.3,000 crore (1500 Cr by World Bank, 1000 Cr by Central Govt. and 50Crcr by State Govt.)
C. Pradhan Mantra Kisan SAMPADA Yojana
- Launched year: May 2017
- SAMPADA: Scheme for Agro Marine Processing and Development of Agro-processing Clusters
- Objective: Holistic development of the food processing sector (i.e., Mega food parks, Creation/expansion of preservation facilities, cold chain & operation green).
D. Trifood project:
- Launched year: 20 August 2020
- Launched by: Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Ministry of Food Processing
- Implemented by: TRIFED (Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India)
- Objective: To increase tribal income by better using and adding value to minor forest produce (MFP) collected by tribal forest gatherers.
E. Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI):
- Launched year: May 2021
- Funding: 10900 Cr
- Objective: to encourage the development of global food manufacturing champions commensurate with India's natural resource endowment, and to promote Indian food brands in overseas markets
F. MITRA- Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA):
- Launched year: February 2021
- Objective: Making the textile business more globally competitive, attracting major investments, and increasing exports.
- Target: to establish 7 textile parks over 3 years.
G. Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PM FME):
- Launched year: June 2020
- Funding: 10,000 Cr
- Objective: Scheme to assist 2 lakh MFEs in meeting FSSAI food standards, building brands, and marketing.
- Implemented in ‘Cluster Based Approach.
Some important points about India's food processing industries.
- 100% FDI is permitted in cold storage, warehouses, and the food processing industry.
- APEDA is the nodal agency for coordinating efforts on agri-export zones.
- FSSAI (Food Safety and Standard Authority of India) is the statutory authority in India responsible for food safety and regulation, as well as protecting and promoting public health through food safety regulation and monitoring (FSSAI Act 2006)
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