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Fisheries PDF Notes for AFO & NABARD - Agriinsights

Fisheries PDF Notes
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Brief Introduction to Fisheries

  • India is the 3rd largest fish-producing country.
  • 2nd the largest aquaculture fish producer in the world. 
  • India contributes about 7% to global fish production.
  • India is also home to more than 10% of the global fish biodiversity.
  • Andhra Pradesh is the largest fish producer in the country followed by West Bengal and Gujarat.
  • It contributes about 1.24% to the country’s GVA and over 7.28% to the agricultural GVA.
  • In terms of employment, the sector supports the livelihood of over 28 million people in India, especially the marginalized and vulnerable communities. 
  • Export earnings from the fisheries sector were ₹ 46,662.85 crores during 2019-20.
  • Protein in Fish 16-20% 
  • Highest Protein found in Tuna Fish (25.2%).

Fisheries Definition and Type of Fish - IBPS AFO Notes

Fisheries is an economic activity that involves harvesting fish or any aquatic organism from the wild (Capture Fisheries) or raising them in confinement (Culture Fisheries/ Aquaculture). It may be Traditional/ Small Scale Fisheries (SSF) for sustenance or Large-Scale/ Commercial Fisheries for profit.

Fish is a cold-blooded aquatic organism that breathes with gills and swims with fins; they are categorized as Finfish and Shellfish.
  • Finfish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that have gills, fins with rays, and scales covering the body.
  • Shellfish are cold-blooded aquatic invertebrate that has gills, various types of locomotory organs, and a shell/ exoskeleton covering the body. They include crustaceans and mollusks.

Types of Fish by their habitat: 

1. Freshwater Fish: Fish that spend most or all of their life in freshwaters, such as rivers and lakes, having a salinity of fewer than 0.5 ppt. Around 40% of all known species of fish are found in freshwater.

They may be divided into 
  • Coldwater Fish (5 – 20°C); for example, Mahseer, Trout, etc., and 
  • Warmwater Fish (25 – 35°C); for example Carp, Catfish, Snakeheads, Featherbacks, etc.
2. Brackishwater Fish: Fish that can tolerate a wide range of salinity (0.5 – 30.0 ppt) and live in backwaters, estuaries, and coastal waters. Examples: Mullet, Milkfish, Seabass, Pearlspot, Mudskipper, etc.

3. Marine Fish: Fish that spend most or all of their life in seawater, such as Seas and Oceans, having salinity above 30 ppt. About 240 species are contributing to marine fisheries. Examples: Sardines, Mackerel, Ribbonfish, Anchovies, Grouper, Cobia, Tuna, etc.

Finfish Fisheries

Fin Fisheries also have two types 

1. Capture fisheries – Capture fishery involves catching fish directly from water bodies i.e. lakes, sea, ponds, etc., or without seeding fishes (marine and inland fisheries)
  • Marine: capture fisheries is the exploitation of aquatic organisms without stocking the seed.
  • Inland: Culture fisheries are the cultivation of selected fishes in confined areas with utmost care to get maximum yield.
    • The Inland Fisheries of India may be classified as
      • Lacustrine Fisheries (Lakes & Reservoirs)
      • Riverine Fisheries (Rivers & Streams)
      • Estuarine Fisheries (Estuaries & Backwaters)
      • Floodplain and Wetland Fisheries
      • Coldwater Fisheries
      • Ornamental Fisheries
      • Sport Fisheries
      • Culture Fisheries (Aquaculture)
2. Culture fisheries: involves growing, rearing, and then capturing fish from fish tanks.
  • Types of Culture Fisheries
    • Fresh Water Aquaculture - Farming is done in Freshwater.
    • Brackish water Aquaculture - The mixture of seawater and freshwater.
    • Marine Cage Culture - Farming is done in seawater.
    • Ornamental Fish Culture - Reared in a confided aquatic system.
      • The culture of ornamental fishes is called aquaculture.
↑Source - Introduction to Fish and Fisheries

Fisheries are classified into three groups based on the type of water in which fish are reared

Marine Fisheries:
  • These deal with fishing operations along seacoasts.
  • The Indian subcontinent approximately has a 5600 km long coastline.
  • About 80% of India's marine fish are supplied by the west coast and the remaining 20% by the east coast.
  • The premier varieties are mackerels, sardines, sharks, and catfish.
  • The Indian Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), the major single-species fishery in India, accounts for about 13% of the total marine fish landing. 

Fresh Water Fisheries/ Inland Fisheries:

  • They include fish found in rivers, irrigation canals, reservoirs, lakes, tanks, and ponds.
  • Rahu, Catla, Mystus, Gourami, and Gambusia are some of the best varieties of freshwater fish.

Estuarine/Brackish Water Fisheries:

  • They operate in estuaries (where river water and seawater get mixed), delta channels, backwaters, lagoons, and coastal lakes.
  • Estuarine fish are more common in Bengal and Kerala.
  • The tidal water collects the fish in the enclosures.
  • The main varieties are Pearl spot, Milkfish, and Mullet.

Fisheries Rearing Resources India

  • Coastline - 8129 km
  • Rivers & Canals - 1,91,024 km
  • Ponds & Tanks - 2.35 Mha
  • Brackish waters - 1.24 Mha
  • Estuaries - 0.29 Mha
  • Reservoirs - 3.15 Mha

Govt. Schemes & Policies related to Fisheries

1. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

  • Central Sponsored Scheme
  • PMMSY was launched on 10th September 2020.
  • Concerned Govt. Department: Department of Fisheries
  • The aim of the scheme is to bring about Blue Revolution through the sustainable development of the fisheries sector.
  • The period of five years (2020-2025.)
  • PMMSY was announced in the union budget 2019-20.

2. Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FAIDF)

  • To double farmers’ income by 2022 the CCEA has approved the creation of FAIDF.
  • The proposal for the creation of funds was made in budget 2018-19.
  • The main aim is to boost fish production to achieve the target of producing 15 million tonnes of fish production by 2020 and 20 million tonnes by 2022-23 from the current production of 11.4 million tonnes. 
  • The aim to achieve this target was set under the Blue revolution.
  • The nodal agencies for the fund will be NABARD, NCDC, and scheduled banks.
  • The fund is being raised by nodal loaning entities (NLE).

3. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB):

  • Set up as a registered society in Hyderabad.
  • Under the administrative control of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy & Fisheries, and Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Established – on 10th July 2006.
  • Main Objective – to enhance fish production and Productivity.

4. MPEDA - Marine Products Export Development Authority

  • It was constituted on 24 August 1972
  • Headquartered in Kochi.
  • Functions under the Department of Commerce, Govt. of India
  • Acts as a coordinating agency with different Central and State Govt. establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities.
  • Role – Market Promotion, Capture Fisheries, Culture Fisheries, Processing infrastructure & Value Addition, and Quality Control.

ICAR Fisheries Institutes

  • Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute – Barrack pore, West Bengal
  • Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture – Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • Central Institute of Fisheries Education – Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture – Bhubaneshwar, Orissa
  • Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute – Kochi, Kerala
  • Central Institute of Fisheries Technology – Kochi, Kerala
  • National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources – Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
  • National Research Centre of Coldwater Fisheries – Bhimtal, Uttarakhand

Important Day in Fisheries

  • 2nd February - World Wetland Day
  • 22nd March - World Water Day
  • 2nd May - World Tuna Day
  • 8th June - World Oceans Day
  • 10th July - National Fish Farmers Day
  • 10th July - NFDB Foundation Day
  • 3-9th September - Shark Week
  • 26th September - World Hunting & Fishing Day
  • 16th October - World Food Day
  • 21st November - World Fisheries Day
  • 3rd December - World Conservation Day

State Fish of Different States

  • West Bengal – Tenualosa ilisha
  • Uttar Pradesh – Chitala chitala
  • J&K, HP, UK, Arunachal Pradesh – Tor putitora
  • Kerala – Etroplus suratensis
  • Bihar – Clarias batrachus (Magur)
  • Orissa – Tor mahanadicus
  • Manipur – Osteobrama belangeri
  • Telangana – Murrel (Channa striatus)
  • Madhya Pradesh – Mahaseer (Tor putitora)

Important Facts related to Fisheries

  • Blue economy related to Fish
  • Blue Revolution related to Fish Production
  • Inland Fisheries are 60%
  • Marine Fisheries are 40%
  • Five major water systems in India for fisheries: 
    • Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, East Coast, and West Coast.
  • Now KCC also provided for animals and fisheries.
  • Freshwater fisheries are Carp, prawns, murrel, and catfish.
  • Brackish fish are Seabass, pearl spot, mudfish, and finfish.
  • Mariculture is in the sea.
  • Aquaculture in the fishpond.
  • Respiration in fisheries by gills.
  • The life span of fish – A little over 1 year to about 120 years.
  • The majority of freshwater fishes are egg–laying.
  • Fish possess an external set of sensory structures known as the lateral line system.
  • World’s smallest freshwater fish – Pandakapygmaea.
  • World’s smallest marine fish – Eviotazonura
  • World’s largest freshwater fish – Huso huso, Arapaima gigas
  • World’s largest marine fish – Rhincodon typus

 🕮 Fisheries Practice Questions - MCQs for IBPS AFO & NABARD 

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IBPS AFO Fisheries Notes, Fisheries Notes PDF, Fisheries Notes for a pdf, fisheries notes for nabard exams
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