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Comprehensive Notes of Sheep and Goat Farming and Swine Farming for IBPS AFO & NABARD Exam


In the realm of agricultural finance and development, sheep and goat farming, as well as swine husbandry, are crucial sectors. Understanding the classification of breeds, rearing systems, housing management, and care practices is essential for IBPS AFO (Agriculture Field Officer) and NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) exam aspirants. This guide provides detailed notes and key facts to aid in exam preparation.
Table of Contents

Sheep and Goat Farming

Classification of Goat and Sheep Breeds

Indian Breeds of Goat and Sheep:

Sheep:

  • Bikaneri: Known for their wool and meat; found in Rajasthan.
  • Nali: Renowned for high-quality wool; primarily in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
  • Deccan: Hardy breed suited for meat production; found in Maharashtra.

Goats:

  • Jamunapari: Known for high milk yield and large size; native to Uttar Pradesh.
  • Sirohi: Adapted to semi-arid conditions, good for milk and meat; found in Rajasthan.
  • Beetal: Dual-purpose breed for milk and meat; prevalent in Punjab and Haryana.

Exotic Breeds of Goat and Sheep:

Sheep:

  • Merino: Famous for fine wool; introduced from Spain.
  • Suffolk: Known for meat quality; originally from the UK.

Goats:

  • Angora: Known for mohair production; originally from Turkey.
  • Nubian: High milk yield and adaptability; introduced from the UK.

Systems of Rearing and Housing Management

Systems of Rearing for Goat and Sheep

  • Extensive System: Animals graze freely on pasture; common in less densely populated areas.
  • Intensive System:  Animals are kept in confined spaces with controlled feeding; ideal for high productivity.
  • Semi-Intensive System: Combines elements of both extensive and intensive systems; animals graze and are supplemented with feed.

Housing Management for Goat and Sheep

  • Sheep Housing: Should be dry, well-ventilated, and insulated. Common structures include open sheds with proper bedding.
  • Goat Housing: Needs to be secure to prevent escapes and protect from predators. Structures often include raised platforms and proper drainage to manage waste.

Care and Management of Goat and Sheep

  • Rams and Ewes: Regular health checks, vaccination against common diseases, and maintenance of body condition are crucial. Ewes should be managed for optimal breeding cycles.
  • Lambs: Require special attention for feeding and protection from harsh weather. Ensure timely vaccinations and deworming.
  • Bucks and Does: Bucks need proper management for breeding efficiency. Does requires good nutrition and health care to ensure high milk yield and reproductive success.

Swine or Pig Farming

Common Breeds and Housing for Pigs

Exotic Breeds of Pigs:

  • Large White: Known for high growth rate and adaptability; from the UK.
  • Landrace: Noted for prolific breeding and high-quality pork; originally from Denmark.
  • Berkshire: Famous for meat quality; introduced from Japan.

Housing of Pigs:

Piggery Structure: This should be designed to manage waste effectively and provide proper ventilation. Housing often includes slatted floors, feeding troughs, and separate areas for different age groups.

Care and Management of Pigs

  • Sows: Require high-quality feed for optimal reproductive performance. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and maintaining body condition are essential.
  • Boars: Must be managed for breeding efficiency, with attention to diet and health.
  • Piglets: Need immediate care post-birth, including colostrum intake and warmth. They should be provided with a clean environment and regular health monitoring.

Conclusion

Understanding sheep and goat farming, along with swine husbandry, is critical for IBPS AFO and NABARD exam preparation. Proper knowledge of breed classifications, rearing systems, housing management, and care practices will enhance your understanding and performance in these exams. Stay updated with the latest data and practices to ensure comprehensive preparation.

Keywords: Sheep farming, Goat farming, Swine husbandry, IBPS AFO, NABARD, Breed classification, Rearing systems, Housing Management, Care and management

Read Also: Livestock Management of Cattle & Buffalo - Click Here

Read Also: Poultry Farming in India - Click Here

Read Also: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 - Click Here

Reference

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